What is it?
The ductus arteriosus is a leftover fetal artery connecting the main body artery (aorta) and the main lung artery (pulmonary artery). If this artery stays open (patent) after birth, it’s called a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).
What causes it?
The ductus arteriosus is a normal fetal artery connecting the main body artery (aorta) and the main lung artery (pulmonary artery). The ductus allows blood to detour away from the lungs before birth.
Every baby is born with a ductus arteriosus. After birth, the opening is no longer needed and it usually narrows and closes within the first few days of life.
Sometimes the ductus doesn’t close after birth. Failure of the ductus to close is common in premature infants but rare in full-term babies, and the cause is usually not known. Some patients can have other heart defects along with the PDA.
Sometimes the ductus doesn’t close after birth. Failure of the ductus to close is common in premature infants but rare in full-term babies, and the cause is usually not known. Some patients can have other heart defects along with the PDA.
What is it?
An ASD is an opening or hole (defect) in the wall (septum) between the heart’s two upper chambers (atria).
What causes it?
What causes it?
Every child is born with an opening between the upper heart chambers. It’s a normal fetal opening that allows blood to detour away from the lungs before birth. After birth, the opening is no longer needed and usually closes or becomes very small within several weeks or months.
Sometimes the opening is larger than normal and doesn’t close after birth. In most children the cause isn’t known. Some children can have other heart defects along with ASD.
How does it affect the heart?
Normally, the left side of the heart only pumps blood to the body, and the right side of the heart only pumps blood to the lungs. In a child with ASD, blood can travel across the hole from the left upper heart chamber (left atrium) to the right upper chamber (right atrium) and out into the lung arteries.
If the ASD is large, the extra blood being pumped into the lung arteries makes the heart and lungs work harder and the lung arteries can become gradually damaged.
If the hole is small, it may not cause symptoms or problems. Many healthy adults still have a small leftover opening in the wall between the atria, sometimes called a Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO).